Disability

On my last blog which was under MS I talked about being in an MS relapse and what I was experiencing physically as well as emotionally. Well I'm now out of it. And it was short relapse!  Which pleases me no end (my new medicine is working).

I blog under two categories MS and then Disability.  I hope that many of you go to both of them which you can do by just using Ellie. I have MS separately because I have MS and I think it's my personal experience and concerns that I want to share and talk about. I also blog about Disability. I do this because I have a personal concern for all people with disabilities which comes in part as I am a physical therapist who worked with people with disabilities for many years.  And now with MS I am also a person who has disabilities as do other people who have MS.

If you didn't read my last blog which was under MS take a look  I talked about what was happening when I had a relapse. I started with my cognitive loss and fatigue then moved on to the physical loss that I experienced over a period of 2 weeks. During this time issues of ways to compensate for cognitive loss,fatigue and physical loss became important to me. I have become a pro at compensating for fatigue. You rest more!  And I also take a Provigil and drink too much caffeine.  And this is when I usually start meditating again.

 

The physical part is relatively easy also as I have all of the assistive devices at my disposal. Wheelchair,walker, cane etc..  And I have learned over the years to use them when I need them. No heroics here!  I've tried that!!

So when I see people limping or lurching or even not going out because they can't walk that far it makes me just want to scream!  Being a physical therapist I know that using your body improperly when walking can lead to secondary problems. And letting yourself lose out on life by being stuck in your home because you won't or can't afford the right assistive device is wrong. To be honest I also have had times that I did not want to admit that I needed an assistive device so I do understand the emotional aspect.

But it is really so detrimental to your physical body and your life itself. Why is it that nobody talks about respecting your body and what it's needs are for the physical task you going to perform?

When I was working as a physical therapist whenever the Olympics were on I would be reminded of this.  And tell my patients how even though they weren't athletes their exercise and walking program and what they were doing was an equivalent.  And when you see these Olympics Stars using the best equipment possible so they can use their body to the greatest advantage performing the skilled event you have to question why can't it be the same for a person who has a disability! Why wouldn't it be just expected that they would have and be using the right assistant device so they too can use their body in the best way possible , even if it's just walking across the room !

Do we have our priorities upside down here?  Would we tell these Olympians who choose to use more advanced equipment that would help their bodies perform at a higher level that their giving up or cheating.  No way! And closer to home when I played tennis I chose the best racquet for myself as did most other people I knew.

But do we give the disabled who choose to use an assistive device so they're not lurching or limping or exhausting themselves and preventing future secondary problems the same respect for their judgment?  Or do we think that they must be giving up or cheating by not trying harder? It's odd that we even think they must be getting old if their past a certain age. You don't use an assistive device like a cane because your old. Even if a person is 90 they would use a cane or other assistive device for a physical reason. 

So I propose that we all make an effort to salute and support these people who are respecting their bodies and trying to live their life to the fullest!  And the hell with what other people think. Let's help them get over the fact that it's a negative. Because it is not! It's a positive act!!!

If you have a condition that effects your walking ability that's life. And your life will be much easier when you admit to yourself that that's the way it is. Then you can move on and do what you can to assist yourself to living your life to the fullest. You go get the best assistive device possible to compensate for what your body is no longer capable of doing.  And in the process you will be preventing secondary problems that could be occurring by using your body improperly. You will be respecting your body!  

We didn't do that with polio patients and they now have secondary effects that if we had a different policy things might be different for them now.  But it doesn't have to happen again.  We have the knowledge and also better equipment if we can afford it and the outside world is more available to us thanks to the ADA.

So let's get out there people proudly and feisty with our  walkers, canes,crutches and wheelchairs as appropriate and live!

See you out there!   Ellie

This is such a wonderful time of the year. This is the time when we visit with our with family and friends. And there may be some that we haven't seen for while.  There may be someone who has had an accident or a progression of a physical disability which was mild when you saw them last.  Or a young child whom you haven't seen before and who has a physical disability such as Cerebral Palsy or Spinal Bifida . Knowing how to react and feeling comfortable and making other people feel comfortable is always an issue. But can be handled well. So at this time hug, hope and love. Reach out to get to know the person.  Let them know of your concern and give an extra hug to them and to their child if that's the case and then move on to a topic of mutual interest that you both can share. If you sense the person wants to talk about the health situation then let them know you're there to listen. But don't push if they don't want to talk about it.

If the event is being held in a restaurant be sure that it's one that is handicapped accessible. Let the people in the restaurant know ahead of time. They  know the best table for a person in a wheelchair. And make sure that the restroom is also handicapped accessible. The rest room should have a raised toilet seat,grab bars and sufficient room to properly accommodate a wheelchair of average size 26/38. And also must have sufficient room for a 40-50 inch turning radius of the chair.  

If the person is able to a walk but is limited in distance.Tell them that also in the restaurant so that they don't have to walk too far to their seat. But then you had also better check the distance from their table to the restroom. And make sure that the restroom is also handicapped accessible.

You should also consider the distance that they might have to walk even before they enter the restaurant.  Where is that the handicap parking?  How is the lighting and the surface of where they would be walking over.  Is the distance they have to walk ok. If it is going to be much longer than they are able to. Then remind them to bring a wheelchair or check out if there is a local place where you could rent a wheelchair for them. If they can walk the distance but walking is very fatiguing for them encourage then to use a wheelchair.  Remember they certainly will enjoy the evening much more if they don't arrive all tired out. And if the person is in a wheelchair or using a walker check out that there are good curb cuts.

I'm reminded of two personal events. Years ago when I was still walking using a cane and my husband's arm for a longer distance's I went to a wedding.  At that time I had not bought myself a wheelchair but when I went to the grocery store or museum's etc. I did borrow a wheelchair because distance was becoming more of a problem. I was not sure of the distance I would have to walk in the hotel where the reception was being held. So I asked to have have a wheelchair available which they did. When I arrived we went straight to the cocktail area which was not very far. Inquiring on the distance to the dining room I was told that it was not very far at all. So I didn't use the wheelchair and preceded to walk with cane and hubby's arm. Well not very far is one thing to a person with no physical problem but it was much too far.  But I didn't give up I stopped three or four times as I was slowing up to a snail's pace and rested.  Of course I couldn't chat with people as everyone else did when they were walking along.  I did finally arrive in the dining room too exhausted to think but I made it.  As I look back now it was so stupid!  I should just have had someone go to get the wheelchair and ignored the people encouraging me to keep going as they did not know what they were talking about!  Somehow using a wheelchair has gotten mixed up in people's minds with the idea that a person is giving up.  Nothing is further from the truth! You give up when you don't listen to your own body and use that wheelchair so you also can participate fully in the event like everyone else.  

The second event that I'm thinking of is when I made a trip to my sister's about 15 years ago. My son drove me there and then after I visited several other family members who live close by my husband was to pick me up.  At this time I was using my wheeled walker with a seat for shorter distance walking in the house. I brought along my manual wheelchair so that I could go a longer distance on highway trips to the bathroom etc. or if I wanted to go out with my family to an event that required distance walking.

At my sister's  when we planned to go out to a restaurant I thought I might need the wheelchair for the distance.  But what we found was my light weight wheelchair wouldn't fit in her trunk. And as I was reassured it wasn't very far  I went with my walker.  My sister had to park a distance from the restaurant and as I walked along my legs again slowed down and then stopped several times.  Luckily my walker was one with a seat so I could just sit and then get up and walk a little further. But when we finally got into the restaurant I again had to sit but this time when I got up I'd just could not take another step so I sat on the seat of my walker and pushed myself with my feet backwards down the aisle to the long distance of where they were sitting to join them.

On the way out of course my sister brought the car close to where the restaurant entrance was.  My sister had seen me walk around the house with my walker so she assumed that I could do it. To her that wasn't a long distance !  But of course that was why I had brought my wheelchair and I assumed she would  know.  When we had all gotten into the car she turned to me and  stated with great concern she could not possibly have imagined that I wouldn't be able to walk that far.

Communication of the exact distance could have prevented the problem as it would have in the prior episode.  Thank goodness my walker had a seat and I was accustomed to periodically sitting and pushing myself backwards when I could not take another step.  When a person has a progressive disease they may not be the same as the last time you saw them. So be sure you check it out, sensitively of course. Obviously a emotion can be high when a person you love loses ability just as it is for the person losing it. 

 

How far can someone walk ? Will they be required to walk further than that distance.  Can they climb stairs? How many stairs?  Are there any special needs in the bathroom? Do they have a problem standing up and getting out of chairs? These are questions that have to be answered specifically not just a few steps or not that far is not good enough obviously.  And I don't think most of us have a concept of distance in as specific as how many feet.  But we of us who have a physical disability have to do that . And then it is our responsibility to communicate it to others.

I find that using certain facts are helpful to me in planning and  communicating the distance I can walk.  For example my house is 60 feet long inside.  This morning I could walk back and forth three times 180 ft. However I know by afternoon and evening I will gradually lose that and go  back down to 10-30 feet or less by night time. So if I'm planning to go a restaurant I think of my house and explain it to the person.

Now an outside distance like from a parked car to the restaurant you can use the following stats. The average city has from 15 to 20 blocks per mile, which range from a 264 feet to 352 feet for one side of the block. It Is not precise (NYC is 530 ft.per block) but it's within a ballpark of the average city.

When you I have an event in your own home visitability becomes an issue.  The passage of the ADA in 1990 opened up the outside world of public places, restaurants etc.for people with disabilities.

But your private home is your private home.  Most homes have have been built with stairs to enter them.  These stairs can prevent any person who is in a wheelchair or unable to climb the stairs from entering your home unless modifications can be made.  Having a railing and good solid footing on the steps that are well cleared of leaves or snow as well as the walkway to them will make them safer. If a person can climb stairs with assistance it is a good idea to offer them your arm if two railings or their cane is not available. In either case having a person behind them as well as on the porch is most advisable.  If a person is using a walker they can be helped up the steps in the same manner. Sometimes like myself, they may need someone to lift their leg up. If they request this and this is their practice be sure to place their foot squarely on the upper step. You can place your hands on their hips to steady them as the bring their body up. And again have a person up on the porch. And then the walker can be brought up separately.

If a person is in a manual wheelchair they can be brought up in the wheelchair. You bring the wheelchair up backwards.

1. And you need two strong people.

2 one person in the rear who is in control.  He tilts the chair back to its balance point on the large wheels.

3.  The second person is in the front of the chair and firmly grasps non-detachable part of the front frame and lifts the chair up over one step at a time.

4. Both people reposition themselves on the next step and repeat the procedure step by step.

  Going down would be the reverse.You move the rider forward down the steps.

1.  Again the person in the rear is in control. Tilt the chair back to it's balance point on it's rear wheel and slowly roll the chair to the edge of the top step.

2. The second person stands in front on the 3rd step down from the top and grasps the chair frame . He or she lowers the chair one step at a time by letting the rear wheels roll over the stair edge.

3. Moving down a step you then repeat the process till you reach the bottom. Then return the wheelchair to it's upright position.

If the person that is visiting is not excessively heavy two strong young men should not have any problem doing this.  If you've never done this before you can always do a dry run. I remember when I got my wheelchair both of my sons practiced with the empty chair and then felt confident to put me in it to bring me up and down stairs.  I would not attempt this unless there were 2 strong men or women there to do this. 

I remember when I visited my brother's home his two sons who are strapping young men were quite able to do this.  But as my brother said he would have some hesitation and I would have more than a hesitation to ask my husband .

Then next option is a ramp. And if you have an electric wheelchair which is heavier and can not do a wheelie you would have no choice but to use a ramp. There are however portable ramps which can be used. But at a safe 12 to 1 ratio were talking a very long ramp if you are going to do a lot of stairs like in the picture above.

                   I have a small portable ramp that will do 2 2'' steps.  Last thanksgiving I went to my nephew's.  We had a choice of my using my manual or my electric wheelchair as I was not walking at that time.  As their bathroom door was narrow and my electric wheelchair was narrower we chose that chair.  But they had 4 steps of 2 inches with  a long tread to enter their home.  They said not to worry they would find a way to get me in.  And they did as there were 4 strong men available.  As you can see in the picture we used my ramp for the first part. Then I stood with their assistance and support and had my legs lifted back up till I was inside in the chair.

                I go to an historic church built in 1850. They put an an elevator in the church but the parish house has the stairs in the front like on the picture above. So they are using a portable ramp to go up the 3 4 inch steps in the back.  You can see the  length that is required just to go that distance up. The ramp is portable folds up in four sections and is put out when functions are held in the parish hall.

 

I think the ideal thing would be if you could rent a ramp so people that you know can visit you even if you are in a wheelchair.  I know I would like it personally. Right now I am able to walk and I can climb up steps with proper support. If my legs give out they can be lifted up.  A few years ago that wasn't the case and I was actually excluded from events of my friends and family because of it. That and MS Fatigue is kind of accepted. Maybe we have to change the thinking ?.then a little creativity with more understanding of the need to physically be with people we know and love will come about.

 

Be sure to call those who couldn't attend the special events this season and let them know your thinking cap is on.

Have a Happy Holiday Season                ellie

This is such a wonderful time of the year.  It's a time of hope and love, a time where we can be with family and friends that we haven't seen for while.  So as we gather  in the various events with family or friends we have to remember those that are left out. Be sure to contact those that couldn't attend it will mean a lot to them.

But don't forget there can be some who are attending but are really not as totally present as they could be. I'm referring here to people with a variety of disabilities.  Some mild some more severe, some noticeable some less noticeable and some quite well hidden .

                    HEARING IMPAIRMENTS

Starting with loss of hearing I'm reminded of the visit we made to older friends we hadn't seen for quite awhile.  We were sitting around the table talking when suddenly Steve said," I can't hear a word you people are saying".  We sat there at first shocked then of course that's why he was very quiet.  I was so glad that he said that as it gave us a chance to talk about what you can do to include people who have a hearing loss.  We asked him what could we do to make it better for him. And  he said ,"you're talking too fast and not loud enough".  I also remembered from my experience as a PT in dealing with people with hearing loss that it is good to look directly at the person. This way he could read my lips and my visual expression so he wouldn't lose the nuance in the spoken word.

We continued our visit trying to keep in mind these four factors. Speak slowly, clearly and loud enough to be heard and look at the person directly. And it worked very well.

Ten Commandments for Interacting
With Hearing Impaired Persons

I.          Thou shalt not speak to the listener from another room.

II.        Thou shalt not speak with your back toward the listener or
            while the listener?s back is toward you.           

III.       Thou shalt not speak as you walk away.

IV.       Thou shalt not turn your face away from the listener while
            continuing to talk.

V.        Thou shalt not speak while background noise (water 
            running, radio or TV playing, people talking, etc.) is as or louder than your voice.

VI.      Thou shalt not start to speak before getting the listener?s
           attention and while the listener is reading, engrossed in a TV
           program, or otherwise preoccupied.

VII.    Thou shalt not speak while your face is hidden in shadow.

VIII.  Thou shalt not obstruct a view of your mouth while speaking.

IX.     Thou shalt not speak rapidly or by shouting.

X.       Thou shalt be patient, supportive and loving when the
           listener appears to have difficulty comprehending what has
           been said.

And some basic rules for people who are Hearing Impaired to help them in their ability in lipreading   http://www.afthi.org/ 

 

   

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                       VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS

And when I think of someone with vision loss my brother- in-law is the one that first comes to mind. He has lost his central vision due to wet macular degeneration. When he visits he can see you peripherally but not if you approach him face on.  Sitting in our living room he takes out his special magnifying glass to be able to read. But this way he can share with us his thoughts on the article we're reading and talking about.

But there are many people who don't have as severe a visual loss but due to other medical reasons wouldn't be able to read it easily either. They don't have their close up glasses or the print is just too small even with their glasses. Or the light is not bright enough or it's too glary to read by. So they just pass the magazine along without reading and not being able to to participate in the conversation about it.

If you think you know one of your guests probably could have a problem with reading close up don't put small print magazines or coffee table books on your coffee table.  And if that's still a problem and people forgot to bring their reading glasses you can always purchase close up glasses in a drugstore. They are available in different strengths.  I myself have three pair with three different strengths depending on my eyes at the time.

And be sure that a person with low vision is sitting where there is no glare and very good light which  they can shine directly on the page.Do not leave things where they can be bumped into or tripped over. This can cause a visually impaired person to fall and hurt themselves, or damage the thing they have fallen onto.  Remember to have sufficient light in the hallways,steps,bathrooms and their bedroom if they're staying over. Remember no monochromatic table settings.  Contrast is essential for people with visual loss. 

HINTS AND TIPS FOR INTERACTING WITH THOSE WHO HAVE VERY LOW VISION OR ARE BLIND.

• Speak in a normal tone of voice. People with vision problems usually have normal hearing.
• Introduce yourself ? recognizing voices can be difficult for some people.
• Speak directly to a person with impaired vision. Most people can answer for themselves.
• Rather than using gestures and hand signals to convey instructions, directions or size, describe the information.
• Be clear with your instructions. Many people use "right" when they mean "yes"; other words like "here", "there", or "this" are vague and don't give enough information.
• It's o.k. to use words like "look" or "see", as they are part of normal conversation. People with impaired vision use these words themselves.
• Let a person with impaired vision know you are leaving so that he/she won't be left talking to him/herself.
• Last but not least, treat people with impaired vision as you would want to be treated.

If you go out to the local restaurant remember they will need help with reading that small print menu in low light. And if you go to church ,temple or mosque ask for a large print copy of the service sheet ands hymns if they have them.

An excellent resource is the site of the American foundation for the blind.  They also have a wonderful section on senior citizens which can be very helpful. Their site is : http://www.afb.org/ 

Have a wonderful holiday season             ellie

On October 7 over 400 people attended the dedication of the statue of Helen Keller in The National Statuary  Hall.http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/keller.cfm  This was the first child and the first well known person with a disability to be depicted there. 

Helen Keller (1880-1968) is a symbol and an icon for people with disabilities.  She was born both deaf and blind yet with persistence and with the use of Braille she was able to earn a Bachelor of Arts from Radcliffe College in 1904. She is much beloved by people with disabilities as she was an inspiring political activists for the disabled. She worked unceasingly to improve the lives of people who were blind and deaf. She played a leading role in most of the significant political social and cultural movements of the 20th century and was world famous as both a speaker and a writer. Her story most people know from the play "The Miracle Worker ."

                        " "Never bend your head. Always hold it high. Look the world straight in the face ."

This quote was Helen's own approach to life and the  advice she gave to a five year old blind child in 1932. For more information on Helen Keller and her extraordinary life go to: http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?sectionid=1    and for a site geared to children

         http://www.afb.org/braillebug/hkwelcome.asp

 

This year we also celebrate the 200th anniversary of Louis Braille's birthday. He was the man who developed the Braille Code which enabled Helen Keller to learn to read.  Before his development of the Braille code blind children and adults had no effective way to learn to read and write.  But thanks to Louis Braille and his development of the Braille Code the possibility for literacy ,independence and self expression was opened up to blind people everywhere.  http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?SectionID=86lind 

Braille was adopted as the exclusive means of teaching blind people to read and write in the United States in 1932. At the height of its use in the United States, it is estimated that 50 to 60 percent of blind children learned to read and write in Braille.

But now only about 10 percent of blind children in the United States are currently learning Braille. And the negative results are becoming apparent.

The reasons for the national decline are many, but the primary reasons are:

Mainstreaming of blind students, resulting in less time to learn Braille and to have less personal contact with  Braille teachers.  Teachers who were competent to instruct students in Braille were now forced to go from school to school instead of being under one roof with more students.

Increased technology, such as talking computers and electronic books. Which some felt could take the place of learning to read as they could impart information without students having to  learn to read.

More books on tape.  Again refuting that need to teach Braille as there was no need to learn to read itself.

Increased number of blind children born with additional physical or mental handicaps, often the result of premature birth. And a large percentage of these students were partly sighted .

                        There is a wonderful article explaining this so well in the Arizona Republic June 1, 2006 . The reporter interviewed Arielle Silverman. president of the Arizona Association of Blind Students. This is a must read . See link below .

 

 http://www.nfb.org/Images/nfb/Publications/bm/bm06/bm0609/bm060905.htm

Pressure from consumers and advocacy groups has led thirty-three states to pass legislation mandating that children who are legally blind be given the opportunity to learn Braille. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act also mandates that the teams who help to write educational plans for students with disabilities presume that all blind children should be taught Braille unless it is determined to be inappropriate.

The National Federation of the Blind (NF, the largest and most influential membership organization of blind people in the United States, is taking swift action to reverse this trend.  Coinciding with the Louis Braille Centennial The National Federation of the Blind has announced specific action to address the education of America?s blind children so that every blind child who has a need for Braille will have the opportunity to learn it.

Below is the link to a special essay from a guest editor of JVIB to celebrate the  Braille Bicentennial.  The author  is a mother of a child who became gradually severely visually impaired .  She will take you on her journey with her child through school, college and her wonderful success .  She describes the problems including the emotional difficulties that happened along the way .  This is also a must read      http://www.afb.org/afbpress/pubjvib.asp?DocID=jvib030502

This blog was a real learning experience for me.  I have wanted to add visual and hearing loss problems and solutions on my blog of disability as I wanted it to be inclusive of all of us with disabilities.  When I saw these two events of Helen Keller and Louis Braille it was a natural.  But from it I just have learned so much.  In fact I will be doing a future blog on visual loss with adults and how they can compensate with technology and modifications to their environment and more.                                 ellie

  

 

The first thing to come to your mind would be the Special Olympics.  And indeed it is she who is responsible for the Special Olympics which is now in 181 countries and has made major contributions to the lives of millions of children who are Mentally Disabled and their families.

Looking back to 1968 when the first Special Olympics Games was held at Soldier Field in Chicago it's growth is phenomenal. In 1968 there were 1000 athletes from 26 US states and Canada. But there was only a crowd of fewer than 100 people watching.  This February in 2009 the Special Olympics World Winter Games were held in Idaho. 2500 athletes from more than 100 countries competed and were cheered on by 30,000 spectators.

 

Why did Eunice Shriver start the Special Olympics?  Very simply she had a sister who was mentally retarded. She loved her sister and  felt strongly that her sister Rosemary should be doing better. She had visited many mental institutions in the 1950s where people were warehoused like animals. She was horrified at what she saw and knew we should be doing better.  Being an athlete herself and knowing the sense of accomplishment that one can feel when one can do something well she felt it was a natural fit for people who are mentally disabled (mentally retarded).

As she was a woman with a big heart she was determined that everyone who was mentally retarded should have opportunity. And as she was also a formidably strong determined woman there was no stopping her!

She  originally started working with neighbors and local school children by doing a camp in her back yard. Every time she saw the joy and the sense of pride that these children showed it urged her on to expand the program which she certainly did. 

But her commitment was not just limited to the Special Olympics events. Her journey to be a champion of the mentally disabled started with her written article on Mental Retardation in the Saturday Evening Post. This article is widely credited with awakening us to the social stigma associated with mental retardation. In this article she discusses her family's coping with her sister Rosemary who was mentally retarded. And how this led the Kennedys to establish a Kennedy Foundation. This Foundation which she ran for many years established the building of centers for the mentally retarded.Centers for the care of retarded children, centers for diagnosis and treatment of the condition and research centers to understand the causes were all built across this country. This article is a "must read". http://www.eunicekennedyshriver.org/articles/saturday_evening_post

Eunice Shriver was definitely instrumental in President Kennedy establishing A Panel On Mental Retardation in 1962 . She was also in the oval office in 1963 when President Kennedy signed the civil service regulations making it easier for people with intellectual disabilities to work.  She has followed and been involved behind the scenes on all of the Disability Laws since that time making sure that mental retardation was also included as appropriate.

The two watershed laws that were enacted that are changing the life for the disabled were : The Education For All Handicapped Children Act in 1975 and The Americans With Disability Act in 1990 . Both of these together greatly expand the rights of all those who are Disabled .

Have you ever attended a Special Olympics event? These events are held in both winter and summer in communities all over our country. If you have an opportunity to attend one be sure you do. As you watch  you will see something dramatically transforming these  young people and those watching them.

Watch closley those who have been labeled unfortunate,handicapped,disabled or challenged perform in their event.  As you watch The Event and look at them I think you'll see something else.  You'll see what Eunice Kennedy Shriver saw , the joy of an athlete working to the of most of their ability.

Below are pictures of  our local community's Special Olympics Winter Event at the Spa Park in Saratoga Springs. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I I believe Eunice Shriver's legacy will continue to live on in the Special Olympics as well  as increased opportunities for the mentally disabled to participate in a fuller life in our community's.  So do those who are participating in the fund raising run for the Special Olympics down my street every August. 

The athletic ones

-the youngsters

-mothers pushing strollers

and the Elders

 

 

 

 Thank you Eunice Kennedy Shriver               Ellie

for more information on Mrs. Shriver and The Special Olympics go to :

http://www.eunicekennedyshriver.org/bios/si